Peran PBB dan NATO dalam Konflik Perpecahan di Yugoslavia Pasca Turunnya Pemerintahan Josip Broz Tito
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26418/proyeksi.v24i1.2456Abstract
Abstrak
Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan efektivitas peacekeeping melalui Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa serta efektivitas peacemaking melalui peran North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) terhadap konflik perpecahan yang terjadi di negara Yugoslavia pasca turunnya pemerintahan Josip Broz Tito. Hal ini dikarenakan konflik yang terjadi antara negara-negara bagian di Yugoslavia sudah banyak menelan korban jiwa bahkan dapat dikatakan terdapat tindakan penghapusan etnik yang telah menyebabkan masyarakat takut keberlangsungan kehidupannya. Konflik ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keinginan setiap negara-negara bagian di Yugoslavia untuk menjadi negara merdeka dengan cara keluar dari negara federasi Yugoslavia dan juga perbedaan pendapat dalam hal menjalankan politik atau pemerintahan, perbedaan agama, dan juga etnik, serta terdapat negara yang merasa memiliki super power dibandingkan negara bagian lainnya di Yugoslavia yaitu Serbia yang ingin menjadi pemimpin serta penguasa di negara federasi Yugoslavia dengan melakukan penyerangan terhadap negara-negara bagian lainnya, terutama penyerangan terhadap Bosnia yang memiliki mayoritas umat Islam yang dianggap Serbia sebagai agama yang tidak sejalan dengan agama yang dipercayainya. Tulisan ini disajikan untuk menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana efektivitas peacekeeping melalui peran Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa serta efektivitas peacemaking melalui peran NATO terhadap konflik perpecahan yang terjadi di negara-negara bagian Yugoslavia. Penulis menggunakan teori peran, konsep peacekeeping, dan konsep peacemaking dalam menganalisa fenomena ini. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan library research yaitu dengan cara pengambilan data dari pustaka baik berupa buku, jurnal, dan artikel yang tepercaya yang digunakan untuk mendukung data penelitian ini. Hasil tulisan ini terbagi menjadi dua poin penting dalam menjelaskan serta menganalisa terkait efektivitas peacemaking melalui peran NATO dan efektivitas peacekeeping melalui peran Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa terhadap konflik perpecahan di Yugoslavia. Pertama, peran NATO dalam penyelesaian konflik perpecahan di Yugoslavia. Kedua, peran PBB dalam penyelesaian konflik perpecahan di Yugoslavia.
Kata Kunci: Efektivitas Peacemaking, Efektivitas Peacekeeping, Konflik.
Abstract
This research aims to explain the effectiveness of peacekeeping implemented by the United Nations and the effectiveness of peacemaking implemented by the United Nations and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) against the conflict that occurred in the Yugoslavia country after the fall of the government of Josip Broz Tito. This is because the conflicts that occur between the states in Yugoslavia have claimed many lives and can even be said that there are ethnic abolition measures that have made the community fearful of their survival. This conflict was happen by the desire of every state in Yugoslavia to become an independent state by exiting the Yugoslavia federation and also differences of opinion in terms of running politics or government, different religion, and also different ethnicity, and there are countries feel they have super power compared to another state in Yugoslavia is Serbia, which wants to be leader and attacking other state in the Yugoslavia federation, Serbia for especially attack Bosnia which has a majority of Muslims whom Serbia considers to be a religion that is not in line with the religion it believes. This research is attempted to answer the questions of how the effectiveness of peacekeeping through United Nationand how the effectiveness of peacemaking through NATO role in the division conflict that occurred in the state of Yugoslavia. The author is using the role theory, concept of peacekeeping, and concept of peacemaking in analyzing this phenomenon. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are making by library research by taking data from libraries in the form of books, journals, and articles trusted data used to support this research data. The result of this research are divided by two important points to explain and to analyzing the effectiveness of peacemaking through the role of NATO and the effectiveness of peacekeeping through the role of United Nation in the division conflict in Yugoslavia. First, the role of NATO in the resolution of conflict divisions in Yugoslavia. Second, the role of United Nation in the resolution of conflict divisions in Yugoslavia.
Keywords: Peacemaking Effectiveness, Peacekeeping Effectiveness, Conflict.Downloads
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