FAKTOR PENYEBAB TERBENTUKNYA STOP SOROS LAW SEBAGAI KEBIJAKAN HUNGARIA TERKAIT MASALAH MIGRASI

Virginia E1111161012 Sherin, Nurfitri Nugrahaningsih, Ully Nuzulian

Abstract


Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan faktor yang menyebabkan dibentuknya kebijakan Stop Soros Law oleh pemerintah Hungaria. Stop Soros Law merupakan kebijakan yang bertujuan untuk meminimalisasi arus migrasi, memperkuat basis pertahanan perbatasan, serta membatasi kegiatan yang memfasilitasi pengungsi dan pencari suaka di Hungaria. Pada tahun 2015, lebih dari satu juta pencari suaka menyeberang menuju Eropa dan menyebabkan terjadinya krisis migrasi. Hungaria menempati posisi kedua untuk permohonan suaka setelah Jerman. Hal tersebut diakibatkan oleh banyaknya pencari suaka yang melakukan perjalanan melalui negara-negara Balkan Barat terutama Serbia dan Kroasia yang berbatasan langsung dengan perbatasan selatan Hungaria. Pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif, serta teori decision-making menurut William D. Coplin digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menganalisis fenomena terkait. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga faktor yang menyebabkan terbentuknya kebijakan Stop Soros Law di Hungaria. (1) Dalam lingkup politik domestik, adanya transisi politik, dukungan masyarakat melalui konsultasi nasional, serta adanya Non Governmental Organization yang bergerak untuk mendukung migrasi. (2) Faktor ekonomi dan militer disebabkan oleh besarnya anggaran yang diperuntukkan bagi migran, serta kekuatan militer Hungaria yang berada di posisi menengah ke bawah. (3) Dalam konteks internasional, Uni Eropa terus menyuarakan skema relokasi migran yang dinilai memberatkan Hungaria.

Kata Kunci: Hungaria, Stop Soros Law, Migran

 

This study aims to describe the factors that led to the formation of the 'Stop Soros' Law policy by the Hungarian government. The 'Stop Soros' Law is a policy that aims to minimize migration flows, strengthen border defense bases, and limit activities that facilitate refugees and asylum seekers in Hungary. In 2015, more than one million asylum seekers crossed into Europe, causing a migration crisis. Hungary ranks second in the number of asylum applications after Germany, but is in first place in terms of the ratio of the number of asylum seekers to its local population, namely 1.8 thousand asylum seekers to 100,000 local residents. This is due to the large number of asylum seekers traveling through the Western Balkan countries, especially Serbia and Croatia, which are directly adjacent to Hungary's southern border. Qualitative approaches and descriptive types of research, as well as decision-making theory according to William D. Coplin were used in this study to analyze these phenomena. The results of this study indicate that there are three factors that led to the formation of the ‘Stop Soros’ Law policy in Hungary. (1) Within the scope of domestic politics, there is a political transition, public support through national consultations, as well as the existence of Non-Governmental Organizations that move to support migration. (2) Economic and military factors caused by the large budget allocated to migrants, as well as Hungary's military strength which is in the middle to lower positions. (3) In the international context, the European Union continues to voice the migrant relocation scheme which is considered burdensome for Hungary.

 

Keywords: Hungary, Stop Soros Law, Migrants


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Wakil Dekan 1 Bidang Akademik Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Tanjungpura

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Dr.H,Martoyo, MA, Dr.Herlan, M.Si, Dr.Dedi Kusnadi, M.Si, Drs.Sabran Achyar, M.Si, Prof.Dr. Sy. Ibrahim Alqadrie, Prof. Dr. A B Tangdililing, M.A., Prof. Dr. Arkanudin, M.Si, Prof. Dr. Redatin Parwadi, M.A, Dr.Lukman Jafar, M.Si, Drs.Sukamto,M.Si, Dr.Hj.Hardilina,M.Si, Dr.H.Mochtaria M.Noh, M.Si, Dr.Ngusmanto (Scopus ID: 57191224744)

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Dr.Ira Patriani, Dr.Rusdiono, M.Si, Dra.Kartika Ningtyas, M.Si, Drs.Asmadi, M.Si, Bima Sujendra, M.Si, Dewi Utami, M.Si, Ully Nuzullian, M.Si, Dr.Hasanah, Dr.Ema Rahmaniah, Dr.Sri Maryuni, M.Si, Dr.Nurfitri Nugrahaningsih, M.Si, Dra.Yulianti, M.Si, Dra.Syarmiati, M.Si, Dr.Pardi, M.Si, Dr.Indah Listyaningrum,M.Si, Viza Juliansyah, S.Sos., M.A.