EfektivitasLaPazAgreementdalamMeningkatkanKualitasLingkunganHidupdiPerbatasanAmerikaSerikatdanMeksiko padaTahun2013-2020

Stefanny Valencia Halim, Ira Patriani, Ori Fahriansyah

Abstract


Penelitianinimerupakanpenelitiandeskriptifdenganpendekatankualitatifyangberusaha membuktikan keefektifitasan rezim La Paz Agreement dalam meningkatkankualitaslingkunganhidupdiperbatasanAmerikaSerikatdanMeksikodenganmenggunakanteoriefektivitasrezim yang dikemukakanolehUnderdalpadatahun 2001.Ribuankendaraan yang melintasiperbatasan meninggalkan polusi yang merusakkualitasudaradisepanjangwilayahperbatasan.Tidakhanyaitu,sampahyangberserakan di sepanjang sudut kota, kualitas sanitasi yang buruk, hingga rendahnyakemampuan masyarakat untuk mengolah limbah menjadikan kualitas lingkungan diwilayah perbatasan Amerika Serikat dan Meksiko dikhawatirkan oleh banyak pihak.Padaakhirnya,padatahun1984AmerikaSerikatdanMeksikosepakatuntukmemperbaiki keadaan lingkungan yang ada di wilayah perbatasan dengan membentukrezimLaPazAgreementyangdalampengimplementasiannyadilakukandenganmembentukprogram-programdalamjangkawaktutertentu.AmerikaSerikatdanMeksiko turut menggandeng berbagai pihak mulai dari lembaga pemerintahan, NGO,hinggakomunitaslokaluntukmemperluasjangkauannyadanmenghasilkan113proyek yang berfokus untuk menurunkan kualitas polusi udara, meningkatkan akses keairbersih,mengolahlimbahsampah,menciptakanaksicepattanggap,hinggamemberikanedukasiterkaitbahayanyakualitaslingkunganyangburuk.Proyek-proyektersebutkemudianberhasilmenurunkanAQIhingga18%danbakteriyangadadiNewRiversebanyak 24%.MeskipunLa Paz Agreement dikategorikansebagairezim yang efektif, namunmasihterdapatobjektifdarirezimini yang tidakmemilikiproyekpengimplementasiannyasehingga para anggotarezimdiharapkanuntuklebihtelitidalammenciptakanproyeksehinggaseluruhpermasalahandapatdiselesaikandengantuntas.

 

Kata Kunci: Efektivitas, La Paz Agreement, Border 2020, Perbatasan, danLingkunganHidup

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