OPEN DOOR POLICY TERHADAP KRISIS MIGRAN EROPA DI JERMAN (2015-2019)
Abstract
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai krisis migran Eropa pada tahun 2015 memicu krisis politik dan sosial di Jerman. Dalam menghadapi krisis ini, Kanselir Jerman Angela Merkel memperkenalkan kebijakan "open door policy" untuk menampung jutaan pengungsi dan migran yang masuk ke Jerman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menggambarkan alasan Jerman mempertahankan kebijakan "open door policy" dalam menangani krisis migran Eropa di Jerman dengan teori politik luar negeri oleh Mark Webber dan Michael Smith menggunakan indikator kepemimpinan, faktor internal dan eksternal yang menyebabkan pengambilan kebijakan ini serta konsep migrasi internasional. Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber seperti buku, jurnal, makalah serta website dan artikel terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembuatan kebijakan "open door policy" sangat dipengaruhi oleh kepemimpinan (leadership), faktor internal (domestic determinants) seperti lokasi geografis, trend demografi, kapabilitas ekonomi, struktur politik dan opini publik serta faktor eksternal (international determinants) seperti organisasi internasional, opini publik dunia dan reaksi negara lain dalam pengambilan kebijakan Open Door Jerman ini. Subjek dalam penelitian ini ialah Kebijakan Open Door Policy. Sedangkan Objek dalam penelitian ini ialah Negara Jerman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indikator kepemimpinan merupakan indikator yang paling berpengaruh dari pengambilan Open Door Policy ini. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan migrasi tersebut mempertimbangkan faktor internal dan eksternal serta peran kepemimpinan dalam perumusannya untuk mencapai hasil yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci : (Migran, Kebijakan Open Door, Faktor Internal, Faktor Eksternal, Kepemimpinan).
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